As gatekeepers to the Internet, browsers play a key role in the battle for online dominance. Browsers enable us to access Web sites. They control how Web pages are displayed. They can set search engine defaults. Google, for example, pays to be the default search engine on Firefox, Safari and Opera browsers. Meanwhile, Microsoft’s Bing search engine is defaulted on both Yahoo! and its own Internet Explorer browsers. If left unchanged by users, defaulted search engines gain an edge in Web traffic, and consequently, advertising revenues. This is because companies pay search engines to have their ads displayed next to search results, and also pay when users click on them.
And as technology improves, so do the possibilities. Now, browsers are faster and more powerful than ever, and are able to integrate an increasing number of “plug-ins” and run third-party apps. Users get more features and online productivity tools, while companies and developers get a platform to promote and distribute their products. In fact, there’s widespread belief in the industry that soon, all users will really need is a basic operating system and a powerful Web browser. Then, they can access all their data, run software and do all their computing activities online, diminishing the need for expensive, software-laden or resource-intensive computers. It’s called “cloud computing.”
“Many, many applications can be delivered through the browser and what that does for our costs is stunning,” said VP of Google Engineering Vic Gundotra at the recent MobileBeat conference in San Francisco. “We believe the Web has won and over the next several years, the browser, for economic reasons almost, will become the platform that matters and certainly that’s where Google is investing.”
Google recently announced that they are launching a Google Chrome operating system (OS) as a companion to their existing Google Chrome browser. The OS will be opened up to developers later this year. It will initially be targeted to netbooks (which are basic, inexpensive laptops) and will be made available to consumers in the second half of 2010.
Google, however, is not the only company planning to capitalize on the Web browser’s developing role as hub of all user activity. Microsoft’s research unit released a paper earlier this year on a project it calls “Gazelle.” The paper describes Gazelle as a secure browser that would act like the Windows operating system, ensuring that different Web applications run in separate processes. This ensures that the Web applications are protected from each other in cases of failure, even if they are run within the same site. While Gazelle is not yet under implementation, Microsoft researcher Helen Wang tells CNET News: "We’re really trying to leverage the decades of operating system experience and apply that in the Web and browser setting."
Other competitors are also lining up. Marc Andreessen, founder of Netscape (one of the first browsers and largely credited to have popularized the Internet), is reportedly backing start-up RockMelt. Andreessen tells The New York Times that RockMelt is developing a browser that would keep pace with the evolution of the Web. Exactly how is unclear, as little detail has been released.
As the industry moves toward power browsers and Web-centric operating systems, however, a number of questions crop up. How will this affect the digital media value chain? Will these lightweight operating systems (such as Google Chrome and Gazelle) actually end up replacing or outdating their traditional, more powerful — and more expensive —counterparts (such as Windows OS or Mac OS)? Will developers, device manufacturers and retailers support the movement enough to make it work? Perhaps most importantly, will consumers be convinced enough to make the switch? What about security and privacy issues? These questions need to be addressed, and many hurdles still need to be overcome before anyone can say who will win the browser war, or even what the battlefield will end up looking like.
